如何看财务报告

劍之魂

谢谢分享哦～～～～

有目标的大头

请问下，为什么没个公司的annual report not standardize？？如果大头想要知道自由现金流量，那么要加到完from investment, from operating。。。如果要算历年PE，那么要怎样拿到那时候的股价？？

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES=Asset??因为大头发现这两个数目都是一样的。

Tranz

PE = Share price / EPS

EPS 从财务报告上应该拿Earnings per share attributable to equity holders of the company (sen): basic 还是 diluted的来算 ？

vincentphuah

你的头像是Diana吗?我很喜欢她唱歌...

对不起,离题了...

titep_shin

这真的是一个很棒的贴子啊，很适合像我这样的新手
感谢jackpang无私的分享

这里有一个我从网上不知哪里找来的
希望可以帮助大家更了解一些基本的account .
很浅白的英文来的。

This past Friday, Lil' Jimmy's Lemonade Stand opened for business. (Jimmy's mom told him that if he really wanted that new Motley Fool Jester Cap, he'd have to save up the money on his own.) Here's what his balance sheet looked like on Friday:

Balance Sheet as of Friday August 20
ASSETS
  Cash                         $5
  Inventory (powdered lemonade)30
  Total                       $35

LIABILITIES & EQUITY
  Interest-free loan from mom $30
  Equity                        5 （jimmy他自己本来的5块钱)
  Total                       $35
  
By staking out a busy street corner where runners pass frequently, and by serving up the finest ice-cold Country Time pink lemonade, and -- most importantly -- by having a sad puppy dog look on his face, our shrewd eight-year-old proprietor made out like a bandit. A hot and sunny Saturday and Sunday worked to his advantage, allowing him to sell 100 cups at the ridiculously high price of $1 a piece (which was four times his cost -- wowzers! that's a 75% gross margin). 这里主要是说他用了25块钱的成本，然后卖了100块钱。

Being quite the little businessman, Jimmy knew that not all joggers carry cash, but instead of missing those potential sales, he allowed his suckers... er customers to pay him anytime in the next week. In fact, half of the passers-by took him up on the option to pay later.

Last night, Jimmy "closed the books." Here's what the income statement looks like on an accrual basis:

Accrual Income Statement for the Weekend of August 21-22
  Sales                      $100
- Cost of Sales                25
= Net Income                  $75
As you can see, accrual accounting allows you to count items as "sold" even if you haven't yet collected the cash from that sell. In Jimmy's case, that means he booked a "profit" of $75 even though he only collected $50 in cash (half of his sales).

Now, let's consider what things would look like if Jimmy were to account for his entrepreneurial venture on a cash basis.

Cash Income Statement for the Weekend of August 21-22
  Cash Sales                  $50
- Cost of Sales                25
= Net Income                  $25
On a cash basis, Jimmy would not record the other $50 of sales until his customers paid up. Nevertheless, as you can see, he would go ahead and record right now the full amount of his $25 of lemonade powder costs because they had been used. This type of accounting shows the true cash profit of $25.

Under the accrual system, the balance sheet would appear as follows:

Balance Sheet as of Sunday August 22
ASSETS
  Cash                        $55
  Accounts Receivable          50
  Inventory                     5
  Total                      $110

LIABILITIES & EQUITY
  Interest-free loan from mom $30
  Equity                       80(这里的equity是把原本的5块钱加赚来的75块钱)
   Total                     $110
Since Jimmy's $100 in sales was half cash and half to be paid later, cash increased by $50 and Jimmy registered the other $50 as "accounts receivable" (smart kid, eh?).

Again, all public companies use an accrual accounting system. Therefore, the important lesson to take away from the heroic tale of Jimmy, a Budding American Capitalist, is that the income statement does not tell you what's really happening inside a company.

希望可以帮到大家

mag2003

谢谢楼主分享.

~~Lion~Heart~~

各位大大好，小弟有礼了小弟最近刚开始新手上路，希望和各位一样一路顺风，但新手上路总是有许多不明之处，希望各位给与指点

问题来了，最近开始踏入看年报，本想配合基本分析一起应用，但一来就撞了墙壁：total capital/ Share issued, 我把bursa网页都翻了几遍都找不到stock info,尤其是基本分析一分就是几年的，只好从年报里找，但找来找去得个桔，如
http://www.bursamalaysia.com/market/listed-companies/company-announcements/1069301 这个，请问各位看官平时你们都是如何找的，还是有其他网站能够入手这些资料？

@williamnkk81
@thereishope




  

jasmine_1990

各位大大，请问什么是non-current debt？谢谢。

thereishope

jasmine_1990 发表于 10-5-2013 09:03 PM
各位大大，请问什么是non-current debt？谢谢。

non-current debt 就是一年過後才必須償還的債務debt > 1 year
current debt 一般就是在一年內必須還清的債務。

1678

thereishope 发表于 10-5-2013 11:39 PM
non-current debt 就是一年過後才必須償還的債務debt > 1 year
current debt 一般就是在一年內必須還清的 ...

什么是 PTBV ?

jasmine_1990

那么non-current debt也就是 non-current liabilities ，对吗？

jasmine_1990

如果Debt-To-Equity Ratio = Non-current debt / Equity， 也可以说
Debt-To-Equity Ratio = Non-current liabilities / Equity， 对吗？
可是 为什么我有看过Debt-To-Equity Ratio = 总负债/股东基金?
那么 总负债是不是叫total liabilities吗？ 谢谢。

thereishope

jasmine_1990 发表于 12-5-2013 02:05 PM
那么non-current debt也就是 non-current liabilities ，对吗？

不是這樣哦~~
non current debt 是 non-current liabilities 裏面的一個項目。

除了長期債務（>1年的債務外），一般企業還有其他的non-current liabilities, 你翻一本annual report 來看可以看到了。

thereishope

jasmine_1990 发表于 12-5-2013 02:36 PM
如果Debt-To-Equity Ratio = Non-current debt / Equity， 也可以说
Debt-To-Equity Ratio = Non-current ...

一般上如果我們算 debt-to-equity= current debt (current borrowings)+non-current debt (non-current borrowings) / total equity.

一年內到期的債務 = current debt （current borrowings)
>1 年到底的債務 = non current debt （non current borrowings）

這兩個項目加起來 = 總債務。

所以總債務除于equity = 就是你說的總債務/股東基金。

debt-to-equity ratio 是不會加入其他 current 或者 non current liabilities。 因為其他的liabilities 不一定是債務。如果有分析師加，那通常一定要解釋爲什麽他加入其他liabilities。

但當我們在分析的時候，你有時會看到分析師用不同的ratios，因為不同公司、行業有時候用不同的ratios 來做分析會比較relevant。至於這些DE ratio 是一般用的ratio.

thereishope

1678 发表于 11-5-2013 09:10 PM
什么是 PTBV ?

PTBV = 你是指 price to tangible book value 嗎？

這是市價除于公司的淨資產（而這裡的資產指的是 tangible assets，所以如果公司的資產裏面有non-tangible assets 比如 goodwill，會被扣出來）。

jasmine_1990

谢谢你， 我终于明白了。

1678

thereishope 发表于 12-5-2013 04:30 PM
PTBV = 你是指 price to tangible book value 嗎？

這是市價除于公司的淨資產（而這裡的資產指的是 ta ...

谢谢

1678

thereishope 发表于 12-5-2013 04:30 PM
PTBV = 你是指 price to tangible book value 嗎？

這是市價除于公司的淨資產（而這裡的資產指的是 ta ...

谢谢

NTA 和 PTBV 的不一样是不是一个有算无形资产另一个没?

thereishope

1678 发表于 12-5-2013 04:20 PM
谢谢

NTA 和 PTBV 的不一样是不是一个有算无形资产另一个没?

如果我沒記錯的話 NTA = net tangible assets ，non-tangible assets 是沒有被加入的，所以用市價除于NTA 就是你所說的PTBV。

1678

thereishope 发表于 13-5-2013 12:09 PM
如果我沒記錯的話 NTA = net tangible assets ，non-tangible assets 是沒有被加入的，所以用市價除于NTA ...

明白了。谢谢