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发表于 17-9-2007 11:37 AM
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极地冰川藏14万年前病毒 全球变暖或促其复活
科学家在冰层中发现蛰伏近14万年的病毒毒株，全球变暖或将促其“复活”
今夏，中国各地的洪水、干旱、强对流天气等超乎寻常的气候变化成为各大媒体关注的焦点。与此同时，世界各处的冰川也在悄然融化，造成了海平面上升的巨大危机，更可能带来神秘莫测的远古病毒威胁。
据晨报记者了解，国内外海洋、气候、冰川病毒权威专家最新发现，存活了近14万年的病毒毒株，甚至还有不到1岁的A型流感病毒，都会在冰层中蛰伏，等待时机彻底释放，并向人类世界传播。
中国科学院地学部主任秦大河院士表示，相对350年之前，21世纪初的中国冰川总量减少四分之一，到2050年还要减少四分之一。沉默的“潘多拉冰魔盒”一旦开启，来自冰川中的大量古老病毒也可能严重威胁包括中国在内的各个国家。由于毒性无人知晓，一旦它们大规模爆发，造成的危害将难以估量，而这一切被预计将会迟早发生。
在北极圈内的冰湖里徘徊的一只北极鸥不会想到，去年冬天融化的冰山流水中，蕴藏了被冰冻了数万年的神秘病毒，威胁正在向它逼近。随着夏季湖泊中的一条小鱼，这些病毒成功进入了这只鸟的体内，然后迅速扩张繁殖。7月末，这只病鸟随着同类开始向南飞行，在穿越欧洲西海岸时体力不支坠地而亡。
数月过后，一种能让人在一周内窒息而亡的怪病开始在欧盟国家传播，以迅雷不及掩耳之势通过欧洲铁路和航空器向四面扩散。各种预防隔离措施无法阻止空气的流动，在一年内，全球患病人口急剧增加，各国经济受到严重影响……
以上不是科幻小说，而是有可能在明天就发生的一场灾难的假想。
作为对科学界来说尚属刚刚新知的极地冰川病毒，近期已引起了全球科学家极大关注。晨报记者近日对太平洋两岸的一线生物学家进行专访，了解学术界对这一领域的最新研究成果。
●吴绍洪 IPCC中国专家
传染病随全球变暖而嬗变
近日，在中国气象局的协助下，晨报记者在京对IPCC(政府间气候变化专门委员会)主席帕恰里教授进行采访，获悉了一些由该组织刚刚确认的全球变暖数据。
帕恰里说：“到本世纪末，全球气温最低升高1.8℃，最高升高4.8℃。从今天的情况看，气侯变化带来的影响在全球各地区结果不一。热浪、高温的强度和范围、发生的频率普遍升高，极端降雨情况在各个地区则有所不同。而它对中国——特别是大型三角洲地区的影响应特别关注，因为三角洲流域都是人口比较集中的地区，海平面上升会使这些地区环境变得更加脆弱。”
IPCC中国专家吴绍洪教授对全球变暖带来的威胁也深有感触。他认为，自然系统正受到区域气候变化特别是温度升高的影响，“海岸带和低洼地区，由于气侯变化和海平面上升，未来几十年，将有百万人口遭受洪涝灾害。而热浪、洪水、暴雨、火灾和干旱所导致的死亡人数也会增加，某些传染病、传播媒体和空间分布都会发生变化，直接影响到人类的身体健康。”
●斯科特·罗杰斯 美国冰川微生物专家
冰川深处暗藏“万年病毒”
全球变暖的另一后果是冰川融化。气候变暖导致海洋3000米深度的海水温度上升，引发海水膨胀，而冰山融水则会慢慢释放进海洋。
表面看来“冰清玉洁”的极地冰川中，释放出的真是没有任何杂质的纯水吗？在北极的格陵兰岛上，研究冰层物质的科学家们曾从冰川之中钻取出了一根冰芯。在对其进行研究的过程中，一种不明微生物突然出现在显微镜下。
美国俄亥俄州博林格林州立大学斯科特·罗杰斯教授是极地冰芯微生物考察、科研计划的发起人和组织者，他的实验室一直在对冰芯微生物进行研究。近日，他给晨报记者发来一张照片，照片上的他站在储物架中间，架子上摆满了冰芯样本。“我们历经艰辛从全球范围内的冰湖、冰山中取出的冰芯样本，而对样本的研究发现让所有人吃惊！”罗杰斯教授在越洋电话中说。
“我们在冰芯里面发现了已经在冰层中存活了近14万年的病毒毒株，但也在西伯利亚的季节冰中找到了不到1岁的A型流感病毒。我和我的同事们据此猜测，这类微生物会在适合其生存中的冰中蛰伏，等待时机‘东山再起’。在蛰伏期，这些微生物处于‘自我储存’的状态，冰芯的环境对它们的保存相当有利，这些病毒在等待宿主的到来，他们可能是人类、水生物或其它生物，遇到对其缺乏免疫能力的宿主，这些微生物便会急速扩大种群，在宿主的种群中传染开来。”
●张新芳 中国冰川微生物专家
青藏高原冰川里也躲着病毒
罗杰斯的讲述绝非危言耸听，因为许多万年以来，地球上温暖的季风总是不知疲倦地把热带和温带的海水送往遥远的极地区域，许多曾经肆虐地球的病毒，也被一同冻结在冰层中。由于温度极低，这些病毒可能依然保持着生命力。
中国远离南北两极，是否就远离了这些病毒？
中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所从事冰川微生物研究的张新芳博士，从自己的研究经历中感受到了这身边的“威胁”。她发现，在我国的青藏高原冰川，同样也有病毒样颗粒存在，这些谜一样的古老病毒基因随着气候变暖，随时有被释放的可能。
●斯塔摩尔 纽约大学教授
古老病毒会重返现代社会
地球气候的演变史主要分为冰期与暖期，往往以13万年作为一个周期不断循环，而我们眼下正处于气温不断上升的期间。
研究者发现，在即将融化的古老冰层中所隐藏的病毒种类相当繁杂，如各种怪异的流感病毒、骨髓灰质病毒、天花病毒等，另外还有许多至今尚未探明的病毒种类。纽约大学斯塔摩尔教授表示：“尽管还不能确定有多少古老病毒会重返现代社会，还不能确定它们中有多少会威胁人类的生存环境和健康，但随着全球气候变暖，这一切确定将会发生。”
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发表于 17-9-2007 11:38 AM
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发表于 17-9-2007 11:39 AM
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垂涎豐富資源
5國掀爭奪戰
（哥本哈根16日綜合電）隨著西北通道完全通航，通往北冰洋之路已經打開，這個蘊藏豐富天然資源的寶庫，相信將加速周邊國家俄羅斯和加拿大等，對北冰洋資源的爭奪之戰。
北極海床估計蘊含了全球1/4的石油，可跟西亞地區相比，還擁有3萬2000億立方公尺天然氣，加上有潛質成為歐洲通往亞洲航運捷徑，成為戰略重地，引來俄羅斯、美國、加拿大、丹麥和挪威5個國家垂涎。
但北極苦寒難行，北冰洋冰層厚度數公里至數十公里，大型開採資源船隻難以抵達，也難以確定海床下資源分佈，開採成本也極高，因此一直令能源企業裹足不前。
隨西北通道通航，加上科學家估計北冰洋冰塊最快于2030年完全融解，蘊藏在北冰洋下的資源將可以大規模開採。
不過，環保人士擔心這最終會污染北冰洋，還危害北極動物的生存空間。
俄羅斯潛艇上月在北極海床插上國旗宣示主權，又派出十幾架轟炸機在北極進行軍演，企圖爭奪北極資源。加拿大不甘示弱，宣佈在極北地區興建兩個軍事基地，加強人力和武器部署。
美國和丹麥則派出偵測隊伍，要證明所屬大陸跟北冰洋下的羅蒙諾索夫海嶺相連。
http://www.chinapress.com.my/content_new.asp?dt=2007-09-17&sec=world&art=0917wf22.txt |
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发表于 22-9-2007 12:55 AM
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发表于 22-9-2007 01:16 AM
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发表于 22-9-2007 02:18 PM
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回复 #26 ycwk82 的帖子
怎么建议？ 你接触的媒体经常都有教导人怎么去做啊
况且有些真的是不用讲的自然应该去做 |
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发表于 25-9-2007 11:39 PM
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发表于 26-9-2007 05:31 PM
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科学家建议 为环保 少吃肉
http://zaobao.com/gj/gj070914_509.html
转贴自新加坡早报网 2007-09-14
（巴黎法新电）科学家呼吁富裕国家的人民每天只吃相等于一个汉堡包的肉量，以协助延缓全球变暖。
科学家指出，只要在2050年之前把全球的肉类消耗量减少10%，就能降低农业的温室气体排放量，并同时改善富裕和贫穷国家人民的健康。
以澳洲国立大学国家流行病学及人口健康中心教授麦克迈克尔为首的一组科学家，在著名医学杂志《柳叶刀》（Lancet）上发表研究报告指出，农业的温室气体排放量占全球的22%，这个比例跟工业不相上下，而且高于交通工具的排放量。
农业排放的近80%废气来自畜牧业生产，而这些废气又以会加剧全球变暖的甲烷（methane）为主。
目前，全球的平均肉类消耗量是每人每天100克，不过，富裕国家的平均消耗量是200至250克，而贫穷国家却是20至25克。
科学家建议，全球的平均肉类消耗量应在2050年之前减少至90克，其中富裕国家应逐渐减少其肉类消耗量至建议水平，而贫穷国家的人民则应吃更多肉。
科学家也建议，来自牛、羊和其他反刍动物的红肉消耗量，每天不应超过50克。
日本科学家7月公布的研究报告指出，生产1公斤的牛肉会释放出36.4公斤的二氧化碳，这比持续驾驶3个小时的同时，又把家中每一盏灯都打开所释放的二氧化碳还要多。 |
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发表于 26-9-2007 08:39 PM
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发表于 30-9-2007 02:37 PM
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发表于 10-10-2007 12:21 AM
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发表于 11-10-2007 07:51 AM
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回复 #34 daimon 的帖子
你漏料新加坡～
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发表于 22-10-2007 10:56 AM
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地球暖化海平面上升
曼谷上海受威脅
（曼谷21日美聯電）地球暖化，導致海平面上升及其他災難，全球至少有21個沿海大城市，包括曼谷和上海直接受威脅。
世界觀察機構指出，在預測到2015年人口達到800萬的33個城市，至少有21個位于海岸而受到最大威脅。
這21個城市：孟加拉的達卡、阿根廷的布宜諾斯艾利斯、巴西的里約熱內盧、中國的上海和天津、埃及的亞歷山大和開羅、印度的孟買和加爾各答、印尼的耶加達、日本的東京和大阪-神戶、尼日利亞的拉各斯、巴基斯坦的卡拉奇、泰國的曼谷、美國的紐約和洛杉磯。
美國和歐洲專家說，世界人口逾1/10，或6億4300 萬居住在地勢低的沿海地區，受氣候改變的威脅最大。
最受危害的國家，依序如下：中國、印度、孟加拉、越南、印尼、日本、埃及、美國、泰國和菲律賓。
http://www.chinapress.com.my/content_new.asp?dt=2007-10-22&sec=world&art=1022wf21.txt |
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发表于 24-10-2007 08:42 PM
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Hi!
Do you have a great name for a great whale?
We just launched the 'name-a-whale' competition and before we could email you about it, over 100 people have already visited the website and suggested possible whale names.
Pamela from Ireland thinks the name Saoirse (soar-sha) would be a great name for a whale because it means 'freedom' in Gaelic. Lindsay from the US wants to name a whale Ali'ikai as it is Hawaiian for 'Queen of the Sea'. Allison from Brazil would like a whale to be called Rafaela which is her daughter's name and Gustav from Denmark chose the name Asger after his best friend. Whilst Andi from Indonesia feels that Khanti is a great whale name as it means 'patience' in Indonesian.
Other names suggested are Riya, Picasso, Fred, Lola, Melville, Felipe or Lucky.
Do you have a great whale name? Click here to enter your whale name in the competition. http://www.email.greenpeace.org/dlqzhjg_ugqfqpm.html
Whale location update:
One of the whales from the Cook Islands has traveled 1,500 km (about 930 miles) to American Samoa. Will the whale begin to head south now or travel onto Fiji, another 1,000 km (620 miles) to the west? Check out the map( http://www.greenpeace.org/international/campaigns/oceans/whaling/great-whale-trail/map?utm_source=gpi-whale-mail&utm_medium=email ) to keep up to date with all the latest whale travels.
Thanks,
The Whale 'Tag Team'.
[ 本帖最后由 kamwah 于 24-10-2007 08:43 PM 编辑 ] |
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发表于 7-11-2007 02:56 PM
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More evangelicals concluding God is green
Traditionally conservative movement moving to embrace ‘creation care’
By Alex Johnson
Reporter
MSNBC
updated 7:11 p.m. ET Nov. 6, 2007
The evangelical awakening to climate change is still a work in progress, but as the politically powerful movement becomes more active in environmentalism, political leaders will have to take notice or risk losing their jobs, a prominent evangelical leader said Tuesday.
Since President Bush’s re-election in 2004, a movement called “creation care,” which asserts that Christians are the stewards of God’s creation, has rapidly been been gathering momentum, said the Rev. Richard Cizik, vice president of government relations for the National Association of Evangelicals, or NAE.
“What is really happening is that American evangelicals are becoming, well, green, if you will,” Cizik said in an interview with MSNBC-TV’s Joe Scarborough.
The American evangelical community is in the midst of a wrenching shift in thinking on the environment. As recently as this spring, politically influential evangelicals were locked in a showdown over climate change, when 25 conservative evangelical leaders demanded that the NAE fire Cizik for his environmental advocacy.
The association’s refusal — rebuffing such influential conservative figures as James Dobson, founder of Focus on the Family; former Republican presidential candidate Gary Bauer; and Tony Perkins, president of the Family Research Council — marked a turning point for green evangelicals, emboldening them to take creation care into the political arena.
“This is going to be an issue which evangelicals are going to look at when they cast their ballots,” Cizik said.
“I think it should be on par with all the other issues,” like abortion and same-sex marriage, he said. “When you think about it ... hundreds of millions of people around the globe are already being impacted by climate change.”
‘New day’ as conservative elders fade
For most of the movement’s history, American evangelicals as a rule steered clear of politics, heeding leaders who preached against risking contamination by secular culture.
But in the 1970s, a generation of deeply conservative activists attracted by the open courting of Ronald Reagan, who was preparing his successful run for president, broke with tradition and began talking about reforming that secular culture. That movement provided the foundation for the rise to prominence of conservative political pastors like the Rev. Jerry Falwell, the Rev. Pat Robertson and a coalition of dissidents who seized control of the Southern Baptist Convention in the early 1980s.
Those conservative evangelical leaders largely rejected the environmental movement, both because of its liberal heritage and because of the biblical injunction that Christians should worship the creator, not his creation. With their focus on conservative social issues like abortion, they kept environmentalism marginalized as an evangelical issue.
In a sermon shortly before his death in May, Falwell criticized “naive Christian leaders” for being “duped” by environmentalism, which he told his congregation at Thomas Road Baptist Church in Lynchburg, Va., was “Satan’s attempt to redirect the church’s primary focus” from evangelism.
Since the re-election of President Bush in 2004, however, and especially in the past two years — as awareness of climate change and disenchantment with the war in Iraq have crystallized — moderate and liberal evangelicals have been willing to step out of the shadows and confront the conservative leaders most Americans identify with evangelicalism. |
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发表于 7-11-2007 02:57 PM
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Majority of evangelicals back action
In a poll last month by Ellison Research, 70 percent of self-described evangelicals said they believed global warming would have an impact on future generations, and 64 percent said action should begin immediately.
More than half — 54 percent — said they would be more likely to support candidates who worked to curb global warming.
“We’re putting it in a biblical context,” Cizik said. “We’re saying whatever the past was, it’s a new day. It’s the 21st century, and we are the new evangelicals, and we have a broad agenda. And caring for the Earth is one of those things.”
Climate change has emerged as a significant issue in the presidential campaign, and many of the candidates, Republican and Democratic alike, have sought to seize the environmentalist mantle. But only Republican former Gov. Mike Huckabee of Arkansas — otherwise considered among the more conservative candidates in the race — has explicitly aligned himself with the creation care movement.
“My own personal faith reminds me that ‘the earth is the Lord’s’ and that we are not its owners; merely its caretakers,” Huckabee, a Southern Baptist minister, wrote in his 2007 autobiography, “From Hope to Higher Ground.”
As Huckabee has won favor among evangelicals in Iowa, where he has risen to second in recent Republican polls and assuaged some evangelicals’ concerns that he cannot win, he has begun picking up endorsements from evangelicals who stress his environmental position.
“I would suggest that as stewards of God resources, there needs to be a fresh look at this issue,” Rick Scarborough, head of Vision America, a prominent conservative evangelical group, wrote Thursday. “... Huckabee is forcing Republicans to discuss this issue, and that is healthy.”
Randy Thomas, vice president of Exodus International, an evangelical ministry, wrote last month that “I have decided to vote for Huckabee. Yes, it is because he is unabashedly Christian, but it is also that he does care for the environment.”
And also last month, Don Bosch, an environmental scientist and founder of the Evangelical Ecologist Web site, posted a prominent endorsement of Huckabee.
EPA, evangelicals join forces
Cizik was in Minnesota on Tuesday to publicize the NEA’s partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency’s Energy Star for Congregations program, which seeks to persuade churches to become more energy-efficient.
“We are asking all 45,000 churches associated with NAE to, if you will, go green,” he said.
Cizik cited EPA statistics projecting that if all of the estimated 300,000 houses of worship in the United States — “that’s Protestant, Catholic, Muslim mosques, everybody” — were to sign on, “we would save $200 million annually” for core ministerial purposes.
The issue remains contentious among evangelicals, however, and a debate over climate change at the Values Voters Summit last month in Washington demonstrated that divisions are still deep.
“Climate change threatens human lives, and the environment is clearly on the mainstream of the evangelical agenda,” the Rev. Jim Wallis, president of the liberal evangelical group Sojourners/Call to Renewal, told the assembly.
The Rev. Richard Land, president of the Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention, countered with the conservative evangelical philosophy that God created the world to support humanity, saying: “The Bible says the Earth is for human betterment.”
But “why shouldn’t the churches be leading this?” Cizik asked. “Of course they should be, because that’s God’s mandate to us. ... God said in his own word in Genesis 2:15, ‘Care and protect it.’
“And have we been doing that? I don’t think so.” |
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发表于 7-11-2007 03:03 PM
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发表于 10-11-2007 01:06 AM
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我在独家新闻那边看到转过来～～
这是昨天南洋商报（20/09/07）副版的一则报导，图画中的老人（感恩户），得了糖尿病锯断了右脚，还坚持做环保。图中可看到他拿着很大的篮。太不可思议了。
我们呢？我们做了什么？？ ＝P |
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发表于 11-11-2007 12:43 PM
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刚好收到这样的EMAIL～
水在天地中，萬物都不能沒有水。
大地美麗的水、清洗的水，佛法如水，洗滌你我身心垢穢；
久旱之後的水、解渴的水，佛法如水，給予我們智慧。
傾聽水的歡唱與嗚咽，發出行動， 為保有它的生命而努力。
一位非洲女孩， 每天從水坑取滿八桶家庭用水， 需花六小時。 她可以沒有上學，但家裏不能沒有水。
水滲出極慢 她用生命等候水。。。。
我們都不知道， 彈指間一按抽水馬桶的水量， 是缺水國家每人單日賴以活命的用量！ 水資源日益減少，
亞洲、歐美對此有深刻覺知的國家， 已經起而行動， 誰也不願看到未來『地球上最後一滴水將是人的眼淚』。
而在慈濟， 水的『被疼惜』 此一單純的内蘊， 已經逐漸盪開了一片廣遠的實踐水域。 |
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发表于 18-11-2007 10:34 AM
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Hi friends,
India is at a critical juncture. Food regulatory authorities therehave approved field trials of genetically engineered (GE) rice.India's Supreme Court has delayed the trials with a number of conditions, but they won't be enough to stop field trialsfor long.
It's time to act. India's food regulatory authorities need to receive a blast of messages from around the world - from people incountries which currently import Indian rice - to understand how costly and unwise these GE field trials would be.
---------->>>> Please send a message to the food-for-export regulatory authority (APEDA).
Global rice traders and marketers could reject GE contaminated riceproducts from India, costing farmers dearly. Greenpeace's recent report onthe economic impacts of last year's US rice contamination scandal shows thatGE field trials can cause massive economic losses.
GE contamination spreads, and they should know it. While basmatigrowing areas in India are GE free, non-basmati rice growing areas aren't.Non-basmati rice is also a major export crop. GE field trials in non-basmatigrowing areas may contaminate both types of rice which are frequently grownnear or next to each other.
Naturally, there are Indian farmers who also oppose field trials ofGE rice. Our message to the food regulatory authority is also addressed tothe farmer's group, the All India Rice Exporters' Association, to show themour solidarity.
This is the second time this month we're writing to you about GE.You've been fantastic! The European Commission's ears are ringing withthe sound of over 35,000 messages sent in under 10 days. Sometimes the Commission's servers bounced/returned protest emails because there were just so many coming in at once.
Can you forward this message to friends and help us beat that target?
TAKE ACTION NOW
Thanks,
Matthias, Rajesh, Eoin and everyone at Greenpeace
[ 本帖最后由 kamwah 于 18-11-2007 10:39 AM 编辑 ] |
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