世界最高大桥。。

GP664

photographer
Nicolas Janberg

[ 本帖最后由 GP664 于 16-9-2005 10:38 PM 编辑 ]

jeeshyan

不见了，楼主重贴吧！

这桥是给车走的吗????

wynex

没有记错的话，这项工程是在德国吧。（很久以前看过）

GP664

Millau Viaduct
Viaduc de Millau
Built:         2001 - 2004
Duration of works:         38 months
Status:         in use
Cost:         € 300 000 000
Location:         Near Millau, Aveyron (12), Midi-Pyrénées, France
Crosses:         Tarn River
Carries:         Autoroute A75
Structural Type:Cable-stayed bridge multicable, fan arrangement
Function / usage: Motorway bridge / freeway bridge
Next to: Centre d'information du viaduc de Millau
Near: Pont de construction pour le Viaduc de Millau
Part of: Autoroute A 75

Persons involved with this structure
Legend: Phase of works
Role                                Name                         Part of structure
Designer                         Michel Virlogeux          overall concept
Architect                         Lord Norman Robert Foster        
Technical advisor to the owner         Jean-Claude Foucriat         steel
                                  Jean Piccardi                 steel
                                  François Schlosser         geotechnics

Technical information
Construction materials used
deck          steel
piers          reinforced concrete
pylons          steel
abutments          reinforced concrete
stay cables          steel


Dimensions
          total length         2 460 m
          span lengths         204 m - 6 x 342 m - 204 m
          horizontal radius of curvature         20 000 m
deck           width         26 m
          deck depth         4.20 m
          deck width         32.050 m
          height above valley floor or water         270 m
          longitudinal slope         3.025 %
pylons  pylon height (above deck)         88.92 m
          pylon height (above ground)         max. 343 m
pier P2           height         244.96 m
pier P1           height         94.50 m
pier P4           height         144.21 m
pier P5           height         136.42 m
pier P6           height         111.94 m
pier P7           height         77.56 m
pier P3           height         221.05 m

Quantities used in construction
          volume of earthworks         350 000 m3

deck           structural steel         S355: 23 500 t
                                S460: 12 500 t

piers   concrete volume         53 000 m3
          prestressing steel         200 t
          reinforcing steel         10 000 t

foundations           reinforcing steel         13 450 t

pylons           structural steel         S355: 3 200 t
                                        S460: 1 400 t


piles   concrete volume         6 000 m3
          reinforcing steel         1 200 t

temporary works           structural steel         S 355: 3 200 t
                                                S 460: 3 200 t
          concrete volume         7 500 m3
          reinforcing steel         400 t
stay cables           steel for cable-stays         1 500 t
foundation slabs           concrete volume         13 000 m3
          reinforcing steel         1 300 t

Chronology
1987
CETE (Aix-en-Provence) establishes the first possible alignments for the A75 at Millau.
1990
Decision by the ministry to cross the Tarn valley by a 2500-meter long bridge.
1993 - 1994
Seven architectural offices and eight engineering offices are consulted separately for proposals.
1995 - 1996
Second design phase with five groups each associating an architecture and engineering office.
1996
The jury retains the solution proposed by Lord Norman Foster in association with Sogelerg.
1998
The decision is made to operate the Millau Viaduct under a concession agreement.
2000
Competition is launched for the concession/construction tender.
March 2001
Eiffage is awarded the first prize of the competition and declared concessionaire.
May 2001
The construction contract is signed.
August 2001
The concession is awarded to Eiffage.
16 October 2001
Construction begins.
November 2002
Pier P2 (to be the highest) reaches 100 meters in height.
26 February 2003
Launching of the deck commences.
28 May 2003
Pier P2 surpasses the height of 180 m and thus becomes the highest pier in the world, a record previously held by the Kochertal Viaduct. The record will be broken again when the highest pier reaches 245 meters.
25 August 2003 - 26 August 2003
Launching phase L4.
November 2003
Completion of piers.
26 March 2004
Launching phase L10 from the south end. The deck reaches Pier P3.
Night of 4 April 2004 - 5 April 2004
The metal deck is launched onto P2, the highest pier in the world. The launching operation is slowed down by wind and mist which perturb the laser guidance system. A this phase, 1 947 m of deck have been launched.
20 April 2004
End of launching of the deck from the north side. The end of the canitlever reaching out beyond pier P2 is at midspan over the Tarn. Two launch phases remain from the south side.
28 May 2004
The deck is completed.
End of July 2004
Completion of the construction of the pylons.
November 2004
Expected completion of the dismantling of the temporary piers.
17 November 2004
Load testing begins with a total load of 920 tons.
14 December 2004
Inauguration by President Jacques Chirac.
16 December 2004, 09:00
Opened to traffic.


The pier dimensions are as follows:

    * In the longitudinal direction: 16 to 17 meters
    * In the lateral direction: variable from 10 meters at the pylon head to 27 at the foot of the highest pier.

The piers split into two separate shafts around 90 meters below deck level. Each shaft is vertically post-tensioned using 8 19T15S cables.
The shaft dimension in the longitudinal direction are also variable from 5 meters at the head to 8.60 meters where the join.
The total height of the pylons is 87 meters. Their shape is that of an inverted Y in the longitudinal direction. The height of the legs of the Y is 38 meters.
The deck is cable-stayed. The stays are arranged in two planes with 11 stays each in a sem-fan arrangement. Deck anchors are spaced at 12.51 meters.
Each pylon has a weight of 650 tons and a height of nearly 89 meters. The assembly is done behind the abutments. They are then transported horizontally on Kamag trucks to the final location where they are lifted and rotated into place using a temporary structure.

kendrick

很恐怖，我有惧高，看了就脚软

信菲

好雄伟的建筑桥噢。。。
很酷！！！
那桥真的是在德国吗，搂住？

馬拉棧

有一日。。。。橋柱有裂隙，建築商與該國政府都說主要原因是因為近日下太多雨。所以沒有人需要負責。只需要關閉幾年，再花一千幾百億元來修理罷了。。。。這似乎是合情合理之事。。。。因為參照了一個ＢＯＬＥＨ國的先例。

zombiox

在法国的。。。不是在德国。。。

lwshen

骑摩多的人会很危险，风很大！
随时被风吹下山！

trekker

原帖由 馬拉棧 于 22-2-2006 10:05 AM 发表
有一日。。。。橋柱有裂隙，建築商與該國政府都說主要原因是因為近日下太多雨。所以沒有人需要負責。只需要關閉幾年，再花一千幾百億元來修理罷了。。。。這似乎是合情合理之事。。。。因為參照了一個ＢＯＬＥＨ國 ...

4000万而已，还好啦～

加一

套用古人的一句:鬼斧神工...

老猫

Millau Viaduct坐落在法国南部，是一座缩短法国南部到西班牙的巴塞罗那的陆桥。
建筑师是英国著名的Norman Foster，而桥梁工程师是法国的Michel Virlogeux。
此桥第二根柱子，总高341m，稍微高过艾菲尔铁塔。而凑巧的是这两座地标建筑都是由相同的承包商承建的。

每年七月~八月的渡假高峰期，使用N9国家公路的车辆，会导致靠近Milau小镇的公路非常诸塞。在完成了此陆桥后，将大大的减少了行驶的距离与时间。此陆桥也是A75高速公路的最后一环。很多观光客都喜欢用A75，因为从法国南部到西班牙，全程340km的路程，都是免付费的(多好的政府啊!)，除了此桥(€4.90,旺季€6.50)。

看过国家地理频道的介绍，它的建筑方式是一种名为"segmental incremental launching"的方式进行的。
也就是说，它是由左右两边的陆地，慢慢地一段一段，一截一截的向中间的柱子推进。红色的架子，是它临时的支撑架。在让两边的bridge deck相遇了之后，就安装柱子上的pylon，然后装上钢索。完成的结构，就是和槟城大桥类似的结构(cable stayed bridge)。如下图：


[ 本帖最后由 老猫 于 23-2-2006 12:46 AM 编辑 ]

tecsun

多么壮观哦！厉害！我在想。。。万一有一天那个钢索突然断了。。会发生怎样的事？

雨天娃娃

真是意想不到的东西...竟然可以在山坡建这样高的陆桥....
一个字....赞!!!

[ 本帖最后由 雨天娃娃 于 25-2-2006 09:08 PM 编辑 ]

hornetsjet

高地吓死人！！
有没有人敢过哦？ 那么高不怕被风吹倒吗？

老猫

原帖由 tecsun 于 24-2-2006 12:40 AM 发表
多么壮观哦！厉害！我在想。。。万一有一天那个钢索突然断了。。会发生怎样的事？

万一只是一、两根钢索断的话，短期之内应该不是问题。
工程师设计结构时都会有一些safety factor，因此，只要马上维修，应该不是大问题。

凌晨雾满迷蒙，危险下。。。。

酸梅

这座桥好恐怖哦！
看起来好像直通天堂。。
不过真的很美。。

jason_kid

怎么解决摇晃问题？
防震？

他的技术竟如此令人赞叹！！